Mansfields Bliss :: essays research papers

Katherine Mansfield astutely named her story Bliss, to pose the inquiry, â€Å"What is bliss?† Webster’s word reference characterizes delight as, â€Å"complete happiness†. In Bliss, the principle character, Bertha, feels she is merry. She has the ideal family, the ideal life, and a gathering that night. Be that as it may, that ideal life is a faã §ade, which the peruser alongside Bertha on occasion learns. In the wake of orchestrating the natural product for the night party, Bertha like a youngster at Christmas runs upstairs to the nursery to see her infant, Little B. The scene goes, â€Å"she looked into when see saw her mom and started to jump.† (Mansfield 2) The Nanny rapidly assumes responsibility for the infant and in outward appearances giving her dismay of being intruded. At the point when the Nanny recounts the dog’s ear that B contacted, she doesn't voice her issues with the Nanny’s judgment of letting B contact the dog’s ear. Bertha additionally needs to ask Nanny, similar to a youngster rather, than a business, to wrap up her kid. Demonstrating that Bertha’s ecstasy with her infant isn't accurate, â€Å"because the babysitter has steady power over her care.† (Sonja Cerne, para. 1). Bertha’s joy with her significant other additionally is phony. He is having an unsanctioned romance with her â€Å"a find of Bertha’s called Pearl Fulton.† (Mansfield 3). As per Megan Nussbaum, â€Å"Subconsciously Bertha realizes that her significant other must play with somebody. He's continually coming in late and doesn't worry about her ‘coldness’ in bed.† However she has no clue about that it is her interesting companion, after all Harry, Bertha’s spouse, continually condemns Miss Fulton, â€Å"[he] casted a ballot her dullish, and 'cold like every fair lady, with a touch, maybe, of pallor of the brain.† (Mansfield 3). Later in the story, Harry and Miss Fulton nearly show up consistently, â€Å"like they rode to the house together and afterward came in separately.† (Kate Campbell, para. 1). At the end,† Harry nearly pushing his significant other [Bertha] over when Miss Fulton is prepared to leave†¦and then he pulled Miss Fulton towards him and his lips stated, ‘I venerate you. Mansfields Bliss :: papers research papers Katherine Mansfield astutely named her story Bliss, to pose the inquiry, â€Å"What is bliss?† Webster’s word reference characterizes joy as, â€Å"complete happiness†. In Bliss, the principle character, Bertha, feels she is happy. She has the ideal family, the ideal life, and a gathering that night. In any case, that ideal life is a faã §ade, which the peruser alongside Bertha now and again learns. In the wake of masterminding the organic product for the night party, Bertha like a kid at Christmas runs upstairs to the nursery to see her child, Little B. The scene goes, â€Å"she looked into when see saw her mom and started to jump.† (Mansfield 2) The Nanny rapidly assumes responsibility for the infant and in outward appearances giving her dismay of being interfered. At the point when the Nanny recounts the dog’s ear that B contacted, she doesn't voice her issues with the Nanny’s judgment of letting B contact the dog’s ear. Bertha likewise needs to ask Nanny, similar to a youngster rather, than a business, to wrap up her kid. Demonstrating that Bertha’s rapture with her infant isn't correct, â€Å"because the babysitter has steady power over her care.† (Sonja Cerne, para. 1). Bertha’s happiness with her significant other likewise is phony. He is having an unsanctioned romance with her â€Å"a find of Bertha’s called Pearl Fulton.† (Mansfield 3). As indicated by Megan Nussbaum, â€Å"Subconsciously Bertha realizes that her significant other must play with somebody. He's continually coming in late and doesn't worry about her ‘coldness’ in bed.† However she has no clue about that it is her interesting companion, after all Harry, Bertha’s spouse, continually censures Miss Fulton, â€Å"[he] casted a ballot her dullish, and 'cold like every single fair lady, with a touch, maybe, of weakness of the brain.† (Mansfield 3). Later in the story, Harry and Miss Fulton nearly show up in a steady progression, â€Å"like they rode to the house together and afterward came in separately.† (Kate Campbell, para. 1). At the end,† Harry nearly pushing his better half [Bertha] over when Miss Fulton is prepared to leave†¦and then he pulled Miss Fulton towards him and his lips stated, ‘I love you.

Chronicle of a Death Foretold theme anaylsis Essay Example For Students

Account of a Death Foretold subject anaylsis Essay In the novella Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Gabriel Garcia Marquez recounts to an account of a man whom two siblings murder for the sake of respect. This story happens in the ahead of schedule to mid twentieth century in a poor agrarian town in Columbia, South America. Santiago Nasar has been named as the man that took Angela Vicarios virginity and the twin siblings must execute him to reestablish respect to their familys name. This town is an extremely little very close network where everybody knows every other person and a great many people are connected here and there. When something incorrectly happens to a family in this network, the entire town is wronged as it were. Since the individuals in this network are poor the main way they can procure and keep regard is respect. Respect is, basically, the main thing individuals in little networks, for example, this one have, close to family. On the off chance that a family is disrespected in this network, they lose the regard of the network and either reestablish respect, move out of the network, or live in disgrace in the network, the last of which is never an alternative. So when the siblings discover their sisters virginity has been taken by another man and disgraced their family, they should reestablish respect to the familys name and execute the man who did it. I think the subject of this novella is the way significant respect is in a little network, for example, the one in this story. The novella begins with the passing of the fundamental character, Santiago Nasar. After that the story begins before Angela Vicarios wedding and works up to the homicide. After we, the peruser, discover that Santiago Nasar is going to kick the bucket we discover why. The story begins two or three days before the wedding when everybody is anticipating the appearance of the neighborhood minister. A rich child of a government official goes to the town to discover a lady of the hour. The rich man, Bayardo San Roman, finds a lady, Angela Vicario, and concludes that he needs to wed her. The Vicario family is generally poor and must choose the option to part with their little girl to Bayardo. Angela Vicario just challenged indicate the bother of an absence of adoration, yet her mom obliterated it with a solitary expression: Love can be adapted as well' (p. 35). The mother reveals to Angela that despite the fact that she doesn't adore Bayardo and has never met him she will figure out how to cherish him, similarly as Mr. furthermore, Mrs. Vicario figured out how to adore one another. And all he needed to do was show up on the running board for everybody to understand that Bayardo San Roman would wed whomever he picked. It was Angela Vicario who didnt need to wed him. He appeared to be an over the top man for me, she let me know. Also, Bayardo San Roman hadnt even attempted to court her, yet had entranced the family with his appeal (p. 34). Since Bayardo is an affluent man the Vicario family gets an opportunity to raise their economic wellbeing inside their locale just by being connected, by marriage, with Bayardo San Roman. Normally the family needs to make the most of this open door regardless of whether Angela wouldn't like to wed Bayardo. From the start the Vicario siblings, Pedro and Pablo, don't have a clue or like Bayardo San Roman, yet in the wake of a difficult night of drinking with him they are excited that he will end up being their brother by marriage. After the wedding the entire network is welcome to the tremendous after gathering that proceeds significantly after the recently marries leave the gathering to perfect the marriage. Adventitiously, the Vicario siblings and Santiago Nasar remain up the entire evening drinking at the nearby massage parlor ignorant that the following morning they will execute Santiago. .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .postImageUrl , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:hover , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:visited , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:active { border:0!important; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:active , .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u51e69ffc88 4964659f3defcc140d9641 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u51e69ffc884964659f3defcc140d9641:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: How to Tame a Wild Tongue and The Squirrel Mother EssayWhen Bayardo and Angela attempt to perfect the marriage, he discovers that she is certainly not a virgin and he restores her to her family in disfavor. The siblings, who show up home after Angela is returned, discover that she is definitely not a virgin, as per Bayardo, and ask her who disrespected their family by taking her virginity. Despite the fact that it is hazy to the peruser, she says that Santiago Nasar has taken her virginity. Since the familys name has been disrespected, the best way to reestablish respect is execute Santiago Nasar. The following morning, the Vicario siblings stroll around town searching for Santiago and telling everybody in the town that they are going to execute him. The vast majority don't trust them since they thought the siblings were kidding and still alcoholic from the earlier night. Nearly the entire town, aside from Santiago Nasar, discovers that the Vicario siblings need to slaughter him, however nobody makes enough of an effort to prevent it from occurring. At a certain point, the city hall leader takes the blades they intend to use from the siblings and sends them home. At that point they return home and snatch more blades and come back to town notice everybody that they are going to murder Santiago. Santiagos companion Cristo Bedoya runs all around town attempting to discover Santiago yet is past the point of no return with the message. In any event, during the homicide Santiago never discovers why the Vicario siblings need to murder him. After the homicide, the Vicario family departs town, the Vicario siblings are each condemned to three years in jail, and when they get out Pablo weds his previous darling and Pedro goes into the military. Angela Vicario, who presently lives with her mom, acknowledges she has gone gaga for Bayardo San Roman and composes a letter ordinarily for a long time to him. Despite the fact that he never opens the letters he comes back to Angela and they get hitched. Taking everything into account, the entire book spins around the subject of how significant respect is to a little, devastated network, for example, the one in this book. At the point when you are poor, you have no significant resources aside from your family and your respect. On the off chance that you don't have respect, at that point probably your family doesn't simply by affiliation. So on the off chance that you have no respect, at that point you don't have anything. The homicide of Santiago Nasar was a respect executing. Despite the fact that the family moved away after the homicide it was normal by a great many people in the network as the best way to reestablish the great name of the family. Respect executing was an excepted type of common obligation that the men in a family should perform on the off chance that they would prefer not to be named as outsiders and avoided in the general public. Since the siblings just got three years in jail, the peruser can tell that the respect executing was an excepted type of requital by a family. The peruser and the storyteller never discover why Angela Vicario named Santiago Nasar, however the tattle in the town says that it was to ensure her first darling, which is never affirmed in light of the fact that Angela stays away for the indefinite future to her alleged sweetheart after the slaughtering.

The Good Study Habits of Highly Effective Students

The Good Study Habits of Highly Effective Students How to Develop Good Study Habits How to Develop Good Study Habits One of the most uncomfortable realizations for many new university students is that they are going to have to exchange their old study habits for new, more rigorous ones. It’s just a fact of life: the jump from high school to university-level intensity is quite dramatic. The amount of reading, writing, and the sheer amount of information you are expected to consume on a weekly basis changes considerably. Many students receive a very rude awakening after the end of their first semester when their grades aren’t what they expected them to be because they have been applying their high school standards to university-level courses. If you are someone who was able to still do quite well in high school with comparatively little work, you are both lucky and unlucky. You are unlucky because that sort of approach to studying is usually not going to fly at the postsecondary level. You need to develop actual productive study habits that you use on a regular basis if you want to do well in university-level courses (for the most part). Below is a list of some of the good study habits of highly effective university students. Make a study schedule The best thing to do in order to maximize your chances of actually dedicating the amount of time you need to in order to really have a handle on the material is to make a schedule. Once you know, more or less, what your week looks like in terms of free and occupied time, pencil in some study time in between all of the other things you have to do. There is actually quite robust neuroscientific evidence behind the claim that in order to achieve your goals, you need to write them down. In fact, people who vividly described their goals, short, medium, and long-term, were 1.2 to 1.4 times more likely to accomplish them. Being 20 to 40 percent more likely to actually follow through on something is no trivial number. If developing a viable study schedule you can stick to on a weekly basis is one of your goals at university (and it should be), then writing out your schedule (i.e. your plans to follow through) is a very good idea. You don’t have to go into vivid detail about what you are going to study, how you are going to do it, where, etc. but if you write down what you want to do, or what you aim to do, you are more likely to do it. Put your phone on airplane mode Airplane mode isn’t just to make sure you don’t accidentally crash the plane; it is also a self-discipline tool you can use to help you really focus and get down to business. Most people aren’t born with good study habits, they are cultivated over time and through repetition. You do, at the end of the day, have to want to develop and perfect these habits. One of the best ways to ensure that you do, and that your scheduled study sessions become part of your routine, is to eliminate all potential distractions. That means, first and foremost, ensuring that your phone doesn’t get in the way of what you need to do. There are, of course, extenuating circumstances. If you are expecting a phone call about a job you have been interviewing for, or are awaiting test results from a doctor, you don’t want to screen either of those calls. But you can certainly put a hold on things like social media notifications, and push marketing from DoorDash while you get down to brass tax. Don’t cram for a test Cramming is tempting, and often even feels necessary. It is tempting because it is hard to resist the urge to leave future you twisting in the wind the night before an exam, so that present you can enjoy another couple of hours of Netflix or YouTube. It ends up feeling necessary because the only option you are left with when you haven’t been keeping up with the course material is to try and fit as much of it into your brain as possible before you write an exam. There is ample psychological literature backing up the suggestion that spacing out your studying improves your retention of information. It is what is known as ‘spaced practice’ or ‘distributed practice.’ If you sit down and study for a couple of hours throughout the week, and do so every week leading up to your midterm or final exam, your ability to recall and deploy the information will likely be much better. If you do all of this and still feel that you don’t stand a chance on exam day, there are exam writing services out there that have got your back. Getting adequate sleep is one of the best study habits This sounds like the easiest one of the above tips to actually do, but depending on your schedule, it might be the hardest. Your brain needs regular, consistent intervals of sleep in order to function properly. If you sleep too much, or worse, too little, your circadian rhythm becomes disrupted and your body goes into survival mode, which is generally not conducive to high cognitive functioning. If you really want to make the most of the time that you have set aside to develop your good study habits and absorb the course material, make sure that you are getting as many nights of adequate rest in a row as you can. If you know you have to get up for that 8:30 a.m. class, don’t go to bed at 3:30 a.m. because you wanted to binge watch something on Netflix. Also, adequate sleep the night before an exam is vital. Becoming an effective studier, and an effective university student in turn, requires a certain amount of dedication and sacrifice. It requires controlling your impulses and exercising self-restraint, but it also requires you to really have the time to set aside. If you are serious about developing good study habits this year, then keep the above in mind, and for those times when there just isn’t enough time to study, get in touch with Homework Help Global. References: (2019). “Spaced Practice.” UC San Diego Department of Psychology. Retrieved from: Murphy, M. (2018). “Neuroscience explains why you need to write down your goals if you actually want to achieve them.” Forbes. Retrieved from: #29d288477905 The Good Study Habits of Highly Effective Students How to Develop Good Study Habits How to Develop Good Study Habits One of the most uncomfortable realizations for many new university students is that they are going to have to exchange their old study habits for new, more rigorous ones. It’s just a fact of life: the jump from high school to university-level intensity is quite dramatic. The amount of reading, writing, and the sheer amount of information you are expected to consume on a weekly basis changes considerably. Many students receive a very rude awakening after the end of their first semester when their grades aren’t what they expected them to be because they have been applying their high school standards to university-level courses. If you are someone who was able to still do quite well in high school with comparatively little work, you are both lucky and unlucky. You are unlucky because that sort of approach to studying is usually not going to fly at the postsecondary level. You need to develop actual productive study habits that you use on a regular basis if you want to do well in university-level courses (for the most part). Below is a list of some of the good study habits of highly effective university students. Make a study schedule The best thing to do in order to maximize your chances of actually dedicating the amount of time you need to in order to really have a handle on the material is to make a schedule. Once you know, more or less, what your week looks like in terms of free and occupied time, pencil in some study time in between all of the other things you have to do. There is actually quite robust neuroscientific evidence behind the claim that in order to achieve your goals, you need to write them down. In fact, people who vividly described their goals, short, medium, and long-term, were 1.2 to 1.4 times more likely to accomplish them. Being 20 to 40 percent more likely to actually follow through on something is no trivial number. If developing a viable study schedule you can stick to on a weekly basis is one of your goals at university (and it should be), then writing out your schedule (i.e. your plans to follow through) is a very good idea. You don’t have to go into vivid detail about what you are going to study, how you are going to do it, where, etc. but if you write down what you want to do, or what you aim to do, you are more likely to do it. Put your phone on airplane mode Airplane mode isn’t just to make sure you don’t accidentally crash the plane; it is also a self-discipline tool you can use to help you really focus and get down to business. Most people aren’t born with good study habits, they are cultivated over time and through repetition. You do, at the end of the day, have to want to develop and perfect these habits. One of the best ways to ensure that you do, and that your scheduled study sessions become part of your routine, is to eliminate all potential distractions. That means, first and foremost, ensuring that your phone doesn’t get in the way of what you need to do. There are, of course, extenuating circumstances. If you are expecting a phone call about a job you have been interviewing for, or are awaiting test results from a doctor, you don’t want to screen either of those calls. But you can certainly put a hold on things like social media notifications, and push marketing from DoorDash while you get down to brass tax. Don’t cram for a test Cramming is tempting, and often even feels necessary. It is tempting because it is hard to resist the urge to leave future you twisting in the wind the night before an exam, so that present you can enjoy another couple of hours of Netflix or YouTube. It ends up feeling necessary because the only option you are left with when you haven’t been keeping up with the course material is to try and fit as much of it into your brain as possible before you write an exam. There is ample psychological literature backing up the suggestion that spacing out your studying improves your retention of information. It is what is known as ‘spaced practice’ or ‘distributed practice.’ If you sit down and study for a couple of hours throughout the week, and do so every week leading up to your midterm or final exam, your ability to recall and deploy the information will likely be much better. If you do all of this and still feel that you don’t stand a chance on exam day, there are exam writing services out there that have got your back. Getting adequate sleep is one of the best study habits This sounds like the easiest one of the above tips to actually do, but depending on your schedule, it might be the hardest. Your brain needs regular, consistent intervals of sleep in order to function properly. If you sleep too much, or worse, too little, your circadian rhythm becomes disrupted and your body goes into survival mode, which is generally not conducive to high cognitive functioning. If you really want to make the most of the time that you have set aside to develop your good study habits and absorb the course material, make sure that you are getting as many nights of adequate rest in a row as you can. If you know you have to get up for that 8:30 a.m. class, don’t go to bed at 3:30 a.m. because you wanted to binge watch something on Netflix. Also, adequate sleep the night before an exam is vital. Becoming an effective studier, and an effective university student in turn, requires a certain amount of dedication and sacrifice. It requires controlling your impulses and exercising self-restraint, but it also requires you to really have the time to set aside. If you are serious about developing good study habits this year, then keep the above in mind, and for those times when there just isn’t enough time to study, get in touch with Homework Help Global. References: (2019). “Spaced Practice.” UC San Diego Department of Psychology. Retrieved from: Murphy, M. (2018). “Neuroscience explains why you need to write down your goals if you actually want to achieve them.” Forbes. Retrieved from: #29d288477905

Argument Against The Death Penalty - 1247 Words

In the wise words of the philosopher Immanuel Kant, â€Å"a society that is not willing to demand a life of somebody who has taken somebody else’s life is simply immoral.† When considering the issue of capital punishment, many arguments are made in favor of proponents and abolitionists. There are utilitarian arguments, retributive arguments, and egalitarian arguments. Utilitarian arguments argue against the death penalty, for they look to punish criminals for the benefit and the â€Å"lesson learned† from the punishment. They believe that this is the most effective form of deterrence, because the criminal will learn their lesson and the public will benefit from safety from having the offender incapacitated. In conclusion, utilitarian arguments consider the costs and benefits of different forms of punishment. From the retributivist perspective, the future benefit that might be gained from punishment is irrelevant; all that matters is that the offender is given what he deserves. In this case, kindness begets kindness, and crime begets an appropriate punishment. The ultimate aim of retributivists is to do the right thing regardless of the consequences. And finally, the egalitarian arguments are based on the principle that people should be treated how they treat others. This is correct in the logic that people do in fact deserve to be treated fairly, but in the context of death penalty, the egalitarian arguments differ greatly from retributive arguments in the sense that it isn’tShow MoreRelatedA Argument Against The Death Penalty1647 Words   |  7 Pagespunishable by death or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole when specific â€Å"Special Circumstances† of the crime have been charged or been proven in court. It is possible though to be released by the parole board after a minimum of 25 years if they feel you are worthy. The death penalty is a topic that the United States is divided on. Currently there are 31 states with the death penalty and California is on that list. In 2012 a ballot was proposed that would appeal the death penalty as theRead MoreArgument For And Against The Death Penalty1051 W ords   |  5 Pages When arguing for or against a topic, the goal is to convince others to accept you opinion, take your opinion seriously, and you must seek common ground in order to establish some form of compromise. A good communicator must be specific, contestable, significant and reasonable. For this assignment, I will be arguing for and against The Death Penalty. When it comes to a topic such as The Death Penalty, many individuals cannot fathom the idea of putting another human to death because it is not permanentlyRead MoreArguments Against The Death Penalty Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are thirty-one states with the death penalty and nineteen without. There are many reasons why the death penalty should be abolished, it violates the offender’s rights to life and the offense of human dignity. Yet many individuals still insist on the death penalty. Bedau argues against capital punishment through his argument â€Å"The Minimal Invasion Argument Against the Death Penalty’. His argument strongly encourages life imprisonment over the death penalty for various reasons. Below I will provideRead More Argument Against the Death Penalty Essay3418 Words   |  14 PagesArgument Against the Death Penalty Life is sacred. This is an ideal that the majority of people can agree upon to a certain extent. For this reason taking the life of another has always been considered the most deplorable of crimes, one worthy of the harshest available punishment. Thus arises one of the great moral dilemmas of our time. Should taking the life of one who has taken the life of others be considered an available punishment? Is a murderers life any less sacred than the victimsRead MoreArgument Against The Death Penalty Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1992, 17 year old Johnny Frank Garrett was put to death for confessing to raping and murdering a 72-year old nun. A crime as heinous as this certainly deserves the death penalty as a punishment right? The only problem is that Garrett didnt do it. Garrett was in fact, a mentally ill man who suffered severe childhood trauma, significant brain damage and multiple personality disorder. His mental instability and repeated police interrogation are only things tha t caused him to confess to killing theRead MoreArguments For and Against the Reintroduction of the Death Penalty for Murder1276 Words   |  6 PagesArguments For and Against the Reintroduction of the Death Penalty for Murder The death penalty was abolished in the United Kingdom in 1965. (Blackwell 1968.) The abolishment of the death penalty was not a simple case. Since 1957 the issue had been before the House of Commons more than 19 times. However the death penalty is still used today in many countries across the world. During the year 2000 at least 3,058 people were sentenced to death in 65 differentRead MoreSocrates s Argument Against The Death Penalty1189 Words   |  5 Pagesinstead of facing banishment, however, the court decided to give him the death penalty. There he slept in prison when Criton approached and attempted to persuade him to escape. He declined as it would go against his logic and reasoning he taught his whole life. Was it â€Å"just† of him to accept the death penalty that was catalyzed by absurd accusations? This paper will argue that it was Socrates â€Å"right† to accept the death penalty due to the consent he made with the society he resided in. When CritoRead MoreDiscuss the arguments for and against the re-introduction of the death penalty in the UK for crimes of murder.1778 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Discuss the arguments for and against the re-introduction of the death penalty in the UK for crimes of murder. Capital punishment is the act of executing somebody as a punishment for a crime that they have committed. Despite being around since the eighteenth century B.C, the death penalty was abolished in 1965 in the United Kingdom. Since then there has been a large amount of controversy and debate surrounding the matter, with some people wishing for capital punishment to be reintroduced forRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Controversial Issue1171 Words   |  5 PagesThe death penalty is a very controversial topic worldwide. People are either for the death penalty, or against it, and there is usually no changing their mind by introducing arguments that are contrary to their opinion. The death penalty debate is not a new one, â€Å"capital punishment [has been] practiced since colonial times despite persistent debates† (Jost). However, it was around the 1960s when countries began to abolish, or strictly restrain the death penalty (Jost). The death penalty has existedRead MoreThe Debate Over Capital Punishment936 Words   |  4 Pagescapital punishment is in regards to whether the death penalty contradicts the Eighth Amendment. If the death penalty does contradict the Eight Amendment, then the State should not have the power to sentence criminals to death for capital crimes. However, if capital punishment is not against the Eighth Amendment, then the State has the right to sentence criminals to death. In this essay I will first summarize Justice Brennan’s argument on why the death penalty is beyond the power of the State to inflict

Recommendations For The Customer Service Branch Essay

The purpose of this memo is to offer my observations of and recommendations for the customer service branch. Because of the rising number of customer complaints, I plan to implement multiple changes to the customer service department, and make my team of representatives more effective at their jobs, and response better to the customer. First, I will explain my analysis of the â€Å"root causes† of the team’s â€Å"dysfunction†. Moreover, I will outline my recommendations to get my team â€Å"back on track†. Diagnosis: Simply put, I do not have a â€Å"team†, I have five individuals. They are incredibly dissimilar, in terms of level of education, gender, and age, which â€Å"appears to lead to increased group conflict, especially in the early stages of a group’s tenure† (Robbins Judge, 127). They refuse to help one another, and in general, the group’s overall attitude is far from positive. Due to some new members in the group, no team â€Å"cohesiveness† nor relationships yet exist. Currently the team is at the â€Å"forming stage† of the group-development model, which â€Å"is characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership† (114). These individuals have yet to start thinking of themselves as a team. Moreover, two of them have little to no experience, and the rest of the group do not think is their responsibility to train them. Lastly, the emotional state of each individual do not impact customer satisfaction positively. â€Å"Providing quality customerShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis: Citibank Essay806 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica and Wells Fargo, a main area that needs improvement is clear: customer satisfaction. As Frits Seegers, President of Citibank California, identified, without improving customer satisfaction, the extreme success that Citibank was experiencing through financial profits, would be extremely temporary. As a result of reading this article and through concepts learned in class and through the text, I have developed some recommendations that may help Citibank in the future. History: James McGaran wasRead MoreRecommendations to Improve the Sales of Sungai Long Branch Restaurant1029 Words   |  4 PagesSubject: RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE SALES OF SUNGAI LONG BRANCH 1.0 Introduction At your request, I am submitting this report detailing my recommendations to improve the sales of the restaurant. As a branch manager, I am responsible towards the sales declining in my branch. Therefore, I had conducted a survey regarding the restaurant to the targeted customers such as UTAR students and Sungai Long’s residents to gain information and reasons of sales drop. 2.0 Background In the year 2014, IRead MoreA Report On Motor Vehicle Administration822 Words   |  4 Pagesof Transportation (personal communication, April 8, 2016) the MVA’s strategic plan focuses on the following ten areas: †¢ 18 full-service offices †¢ Three limited service offices †¢ One express office †¢ Two satellite service locations †¢ 18 Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program (VEIP) testing stations †¢ 18 motorcycle training centers †¢ 12 county offices †¢ 52 self-service kiosks †¢ Three call centers †¢ Mobile bus The MVA is open for business online. The major responsibilities of the MVA are licensingRead More National Westminster Bank Essay example1711 Words   |  7 Pagesof the organisation described in the case, the key issues will be identified and then related to relevant theory. Analysis will then be made of all relevant factors and recommendations will be made after consideration of all factors. Overview of the Case The case study to be analysed focuses on the St James’s Square branch of the National Westminster Bank in London’s West End. The case gives a clear and concise representation of the bank’s structure giving detailed descriptions of the allRead MoreCommerce Bank1388 Words   |  6 Pageswanted to focus on differentiating themselves from competing banks. They wanted to compete on service rather than price recognizing that their prices weren’t always the best in the industry. Their corporate strategy was set around their customers having a positive, memorable, and consistent experience when they visit any of the Commerce Bank branches. They relied heavily on research to determine why customers left their financial institutions in favor of a competitor and they made it their goal toRead MoreHalifax - Performance of Branch 54461675 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 SUMMARY The performance of branch 5446 was evaluated against the perspectives of Human Resources, Operations, Markets, Finance and Accounting, and Information, which are associated with the Halifax’s Balanced Scorecard quadrants and theory ‘Z’. The main concerns were HR management and Information flow, although all perspectives had areas to improve. It was concluded that working with the current manager, building on his experience should improve the branches performance and build it to excelRead MoreCase Study Isom724 Words   |  3 Pageslike to know the characteristics of the checking account customers, such as: What is the balance of the typical customer? Or: How many other bank services do the checking account customers use? Do the customers use the ATM service, and, if so, how often? What about debit cards? Who uses them and how often are they used? To better understand the customers, Mr. Zobus asked Ms. Pamela Helton, Director of Planning, to select a sample of customers and prepare a report that addresses these questions.Read MoreEssay on Citibank Performance Evaluation Case Study976 Words   |  4 Pagesimportance of a diverse set of measures instead of the single financial performance in achieving the strategic goals of the division. Specifically, from Frits Seeger’s point of view, the high service quality strategy and other dimensions were critical to the long-term success of the franchises. The customer satisfaction and strategy implementation indicators, therefore, were introduced into the new performance scorecard. Consequently, the new scorecard has consisted of six diverse perspectivesRead MoreTri-Cities Community Bank Case Study763 Words   |  4 Pagesamp; GROWTH PERSPECTIVE | Outstanding loan balances | Customer satisfaction | Customer retention | Employee training hours | Deposit balances | Thank-you calls/cards | New Products introduced | Employee retention | Non-Interest Income | | Referrals | New loans created | | | Cross-sales | Employee turnover | | | Number of products per customer | | | | Sales calls to potential customers | | | | Number of new customers | | | | New accounts | | Why each measure placedRead MoreCase Study Of Citibank : Performance Evaluation1464 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide a way for organizations to align their strategic plans with day to day operations (Balanced Scorecard Institute, 2015). Balanced scorecards look at traditional financial measures, which are past events and long-term investments like customers and customer satisfaction (Balanced Scorecard Institute, 2015). Ensuring supervisors, managers and employees are all aware of expectations allows for organizations to meet their strategic plans. Background The California division of Citibank introduced

Mandela Free Essays

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist who served as President ot South Africa trom 1994 to 1999. He was south Africa’s first black chief executive, and the first elected In a fully representative democratic election. HIS government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling Institutionalized racism, poverty and Inequality, and fostering racial reconciliation. We will write a custom essay sample on Mandela or any similar topic only for you Order Now Politically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress from 1991 to 1997. Internationally, Mandela was Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999. A Xhosa born to the Thembu royal family, Mandela attended the Fort Hare University and the University of Witwatersrand, where he studied law. Living in Johannesburg, he became involved in anti-colonial politics, joining the ANC and becoming a founding member of its Youth League. After the South African National Party came to power in 1948, he rose to prominence in the ANC’s 1952 Defiance Campaign, was appointed superintendent of the organization’s Transvaal chapter nd presided over the 1955 Congress of the People. Working as a lawyer, he was repeatedly arrested tor seditious activities and, with the ANC leadership, was unsuccessfully prosecuted In the Treason Trial from 1956 to 1961 Although Initially committed to non-violent protest, he co-founded the militant umkhontowe Slzwe In 1961, In association with the South African Communist Party, leading a sabotage campaign against the apartheid government. In 1962, he was arrested, convicted of conspiracy to overthrow the state, and sentenced to life Imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial. c Mandela served over 27 years in prison, Initially on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. An international campaign lobbied for his release. He was released in 1990, during a time of escalating civil strife. Mandela joined negotiations with President F. W. de Klerk to abolish apartheid and establish multiracial elections in 1994, in which he led the ANC to victory and became South Africa’s first black president. He published his autobiography in 1995. During his enure in the Government of National unity he invited several other political parties to join the cabinet. As agreed to during the negotiations to end apartheid In South Africa, he promulgated a new constitution. He also created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses. While continuing the former government’s liberal economic policy, his administration also Introduced measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty, and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator between Libya and the united Kingdom in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, and oversaw military Intervention In Lesotho. He declined to run for a second term, and was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela became an elder statesman, focusing on charitable work in combating poverty and HIWAIDS through the Nelson Mandela Foundation. mandela By ericJang politician, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was South Africa’s first black chief executive, and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the egacy of apartheid through tackling institutionalized racism, poverty and inequality, Johannesburg, he became involved in anti-colonial politics, Joining the ANC and repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and, with the ANC leadership, was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the Treason Trial from 1956 to 1961. Although initially committed to non-violent protest, he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961, in association with the South African Communist Party, leading a sabotage conspiracy to overthrow the state, and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial. c Mandela served over 27 years in prison, initially on Robben Island, and later in tenure in the Government of National Unity he invited several other political parties to Join the cabinet. As agreed to during the negotiations to end apartheid in South the former government’s liberal economic policy, his administration also introduced services. Internationally, he acted as mediator between Libya and the United Kingdom in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial, and oversaw military intervention in combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the Nelson Mandela Foundation. How to cite Mandela, Papers

Public and Private Sector Enterprises-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Discuss the differences in Financial Objectives that you are likely to face, and the changes in your strategic and Operations Decisions as a Financial Manager. Answer: Introduction The public sector entities are nowadays emphasizing on undergoing privatization with the growing importance of private sector in the economy. However, the public sector entities have to undertake major transformation in their ownership structure to become a private entity due to large differences between their objectives and mission (Preker, 2007). In this context, the present report aims to demonstrate the changes to be incurred in a state owned enterprise to private enterprise that is to be listed on the stock exchange from the perspectives of a financial manager. In this context, the reports discuss the differences in the financial objectives and the strategic and operations changes that the enterprise will face as a result of entering into the private sector. Ownership Changes in the State-owned Enterprise to enter into Private Sector The business entities operating in the private and public sector have varying goals and objectives due to large difference between their operational activities. The public-sector enterprises are under the government control whereas private sector is owned by private companies. The public and private sector entities have different stakeholder groups as public sector have the objective of satisfying the bureaucrats and politicians whereas private entities have to achieve customer satisfaction (Obadan, 2008). As such, the public-sector enterprise for becoming private has to implement major changes in their ownership structure as follows: Differences in financial objectives of State-Owned Enterprise Likely to be faced The financial management in the public and private sector has large differences due to changes in their nature of operations. The varying methods of accounting used in both the types of enterprises results in the wide difference between their financial objectives. The private sector enterprises incorporate the use of GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) for developing their general purpose accounts. As such, the privet sector enterprises uses the accounting practices such as double-entry and accrual accounting practices as per the GAAP principles for ensuring financial integrity. On the contrary, the public-sector financial managers are not bound to use the GAAP principles for developing their financial statements. They carry out their bookkeeping and accounting activities as per the government laws and regulations. The financial activities of the state-owned enterprises are carried out as per the control of the legislative bodies. In addition to this, there is also large difference between the auditing practices of both the firms. The public sector enterprises are audited by the government officials where private entities auditing is done by the accounting professionals (Preker, 2007). The financial managers of the private sector enterprises have the aim of profit maximization for driving the financial growth of the company. On the other hand, the financial manager of the public-sector enterprises does not work under the motivation of maximizing the firm profitability as the government enterprises are not profit-driven. Therefore, the financial manager of the public-sector enterprises is task-oriented and works under the motivation that is intrinsic to the specific work activities. This also results in the fundamental difference between the levels of autonomy of the financial manager of both the types of enterprises. The private sector enterprises have higher level of autonomy as they possess the authority to take financial decisions that maximizes the profitability level of the entity. However, in the case of private-sector enterprises the financial managers have to face various legislative and regulator constraints and thus do not have autonomy over their decisio ns. The operational activities of the public-scetor enterprises are completely under the control of the government and this restricts the financial managers of such enterprises to act independently (Megginson, 2005). In addition to this, there are also significant differences between the budgeting activities of both the public and private sector enterprises. The public sector prepares budget to match the expenditures incurred on particular asset and services with the income realized form public in the form of taxes and fees. This in turn supports the decisions of the government officials regarding increase or decrease of taxes. However, in the private sector, the budgets are prepared for analyzing the present and future operating profitability (Andrews, 2005). Thus, it can be said that the state-owned enterprises under the context for undergoing private has to completely transform its financial procedures and actions for achieving congruence with the financial objectives of the private business entities (Lewandowski and Barbara, 2017). Changes in strategic and operations decisions as a financial manager The financial manager have to also face changes in the strategic and operational decisions of the enterprise for undergoing transformation as a private entity from being public. The financial manager in the private sector enterprises holds the responsibility of maintaining adequate cash so that it can meet its present and future operational requirements. However, in the public-sector entities, the financial manager does not have the autonomy to take decisions for maintaining the operational budgets and it is completely controlled by the government. The financial manger of the private enterprises develops and implements strategies related to improving the financial growth and development (Claessens and Laeven, 2006). This can include the tactics developed for reducing the operating expenses and increasing the income generation. Also, the financial manager develops and adopts the use of several forecasting techniques for estimating the future requirements of the cash of the business en tity. On the contrary, the public-sector enterprises financial manager only emphasize on carrying out their job activities and does not have the authority to develop and implement operational strategies. This is due to the fact that public enterprises operates only aims to serve the interest of the taxpayers and therefore its financial growth strategies are not developed by the financial manager. Therefore, it can be said that the respective state-owned enterprise have to implement major changes in its strategic and operational activities for adopting private-owned business structure (Obadan, 2008). Conclusion Thus, it can be said from the overall discussion held in the report that public and private sector enterprises have different business structure. This is because the both the type of enterprises have different ownership structure. The public sector enterprises are controlled by the government whereas private are not the part of government and operates for the sake of profit earning. Thus, for a state-owned enterprise for becoming private listed company has to completely change its ownership structure to change is mission and goals. References Andrews, M. 2005. State-Owned Banks, Stability, Privatization, and Growth: Practical Policy Decisions in a World Without Empirical Proof. International Monetary Fund. Claessens, S. and Laeven, L. 2006. A Reader in International Corporate Finance. World Bank Publications. Lewandowski, Barbara, M. 2017. Public Sector Entrepreneurship and the Integration of Innovative Business Models. IGI Global. Megginson, W. 2005. The Financial Economics of Privatization. Oxford University Press. Obadan, M.I. 2008. Economic and Social Impact of Privatisation of State-owned Enterprises in Africa. African Books Collective. Preker, A. 2007. Public Ends, Private Means: Strategic Purchasing of Health Services. World Bank Publications.

Personality and Leadership Traits

The success of organizations in different economic sectors is extensively determined by the leadership style adopted. Findings from studies conducted to determine the relationship between leadership and personality reveal that there is a strong connection between an individual’s leadership effectiveness and his or her personality (Ewen, 2003, p. 300).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Personality and Leadership Traits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individuals’ personalities determine their behavior. An individual’s personality is a strong predictor of his or her performance across different occupational levels and jobs. Different frameworks have been developed in an effort to establish the relationship between leadership style and personality. One of the dimensions used is the Big Five traits, which include agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, introversion-extraversion, a nd conscientiousness (Ewen, 2003, p.302). The agreeableness trait refers to the degree to which an individual is trusting and helpful as opposed to being uncooperative. On the other hand, neuroticism entails an individual’s emotional stability while introversion-extroversion deals with an individual’s socializing characteristics. The openness trait refers to an individual’s ability to welcome new ideas and opinions. Finally, conscientiousness evaluates an individual’s personality based on his or her reliability and hard work (Ewen, 2003, p. 302). To understand how an individual’s personality is related to his or her leadership traits, the paper uses the observations made on a 31-year-old black female supervisor with an experience of 6 months. The paper aims at evaluating how the results of the Big Five Traits compare or contrast with the observations made. From the observation made, the supervisor portrays a number of personality traits that have m ade her successful. For example, in the course of executing her duties, she illustrates a high degree of agreeableness. Agreeableness entails the degree to which an individual is helpful, cooperative, understanding, trusting, and able to relate with others effectively (Ewen, 2003, p. 302). This has arisen from the fact that most employees have developed trust in her decision-making capability as evidenced by their agreement to her supervisory judgment. Her agreeableness has enabled her to offer help to subordinate staff. Additionally, the supervisor’s enthusiasm has enabled her to connect with the employees thus establishing an effective learning opportunity for employees (Biech, 2007, p.52). As one of the dimensions of the Big Five traits, the conscientiousness trait asserts that a leader should be reliable and hardworking (Ewen, 2003, p. 302). Analysis of the supervisor’s personality reveals that she is very conscientious.Advertising Looking for assessment on bu siness economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering that the supervisor works for a service company that specializes in providing care to individuals with mental challenges, the supervisor is very concerned about the effectiveness of the staff in the delivery of their services during their training. This is evidenced by the fact that she conducts comprehensive analysis of each employee’s strengths and needs. This has significantly contributed towards ensuring effective crisis stabilization services for staff. An understanding of the needs of employees is very important in the success of an organization (Biech, 2007, p. 53). This arises from the fact that it contributes towards the development of an environment conducive for working. One of the factors making the supervisor conscientious is that she has developed effective communication skills. By nurturing effective communication within a firm, organizational lead ers are able to develop a high degree of cohesiveness (Ewen, 2003, p. 302). As a supervisor of a service based institution, she appreciates the fact that development of an effective human capital is one of the major sources of competitive advantage for firms. Additionally, her conscientiousness has enabled her avoid possible misunderstanding that may occur in the course of executing her duties. This has had significant effects in her decision-making with regard to the best course of action in line with findings of the analysis conducted. The resultant effect is that she has been very successful in influencing the employees positively. Additionally, her conscientiousness has also enabled her to be effective in offering directional influence to employees. Provision of directional influence to employees is very vital in firms’ effort to achieve their goals. As a result, she has nurtured a working environment that all the employees like. The supervisor’s conscientiousness, as one of the leadership traits, is also evidenced by the fact that she is hardworking. For example, she is ready to sacrifice her time and work overtime when requested by her seniors. Therefore, it is possible for the supervisor to inspire the employees to develop such a behavior in order to be successful (Griffin, 2007, p. 217). To be an effective leader, one should associate and socialize with others effectively. Through socialization, a leader will understand the employees and issues affecting them. Additionally, socialization contributes towards the development of a strong bond between the leader and the followers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Personality and Leadership Traits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In executing her duty, the supervisor is very committed towards understanding the staff’s strengths and needs. This has been attained by nurturing an effective communication environment with the employees. This makes it evident that the supervisor is not an introvert but rather an extrovert. In their operation, organizations cannot rule out the occurrence of challenges considering that they constitute different employees of different backgrounds. An example of such challenges entails the occurrence of conflicts amongst the employees. For example, conflict between employees may arise because of cultural and ideological differences. To ensure that such employees’ conflicts do not affect the operation of the organization, it is paramount for the leadership to be effective with regard to problem solving. This means that team leaders should act as mediators to situations facing them. One of the ways through which leaders can be effective in problem solving is by fostering an atmosphere that results to the development of openness between the management staff and their subordinates (Biech, 2007, p. 53). One of the factors that have contributed towards the supervis or’s effectiveness with regard to problem solving arises from the fact that she is a team player. Because of her openness, the supervisor is willing to provide her staff with an opportunity to air their opinions and ideas with regard to certain issues facing them. This has played a critical role with regard to the organization being successful in attaining the established goals. In line with this, her ability to nurture and maintain an effective relationship with the employees enables her to recognize the problems they are experiencing. Additionally, her openness to new experience has significantly improved her creativity with regard to problem solving. This is evidenced by the fact that she can incorporate effective problem solving method thus maintaining cohesiveness amongst the employees. Considering the dynamic nature of the business environment, it is paramount for organizational leaders to be non-conformist and creative (Biech, 2007, p. 54). On the other hand, neurotici sm refers to the degree to which an individual is either emotionally stable or unstable (Ewen, 2003, p. 302). In their operation, leaders have an obligation to provide direction to their subordinate’s staff. As a result, they are supposed to act calmly despite the fact that some situations may be emotionally destabilizing. From the observations made, the supervisor is quick in recognizing and adapting to staff problems.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has enabled the employee to dispel possible anxiety that might arise. Her ability to interpret situations facing employees enables her to be calm. According to Griffin (2007, p. 265), possessing less negative emotionality is very important amongst organizational leaders. This arises from the fact that they can cope with job pressure, tensions, and stress. Based on the detailed expositions made in the paper, it suffices to declare the Big Five Traits test a working criterion of telling where a person lies in terms of his or her characteristics. Therefore, an analysis of the observations made reveals that the supervisor has a relatively higher rating based on the Big Five traits. This is evidenced by the fact that the supervisor depicts a high score with regard to being agreeable, an extrovert, open to new experience, and conscientiousness. Because of these traits, the supervisor has been able to develop a high degree of cohesiveness, in addition to creating an effective working environment. Additionally, these traits have enabled the supervisor to be effective in inspiring the staff towards ensuring the attainment of optimal performance in the course of executing their duties. With regard to neuroticism, the supervisor portrays a relatively low score with a degree of emotionality. In summary, the supervisor’s success with regard to her leadership ability is strongly related to her personality traits. Reference List Biech, E. (2007). Thriving through change: A leader’s practical guide to change  Mastery. Alexandria: ASTD Press. Ewen, R. ( 2003). An introduction to theories of personality. New York: Routledge. Griffin, R. (2007). Fundamentals of management. New York: Cengage. This assessment on Personality and Leadership Traits was written and submitted by user Elle Spears to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Golden Thread Essay Example

The Golden Thread Essay Example The Golden Thread Essay The Golden Thread Essay Essay Topic: Tale Of Two Cities A Tale of Two Cities is separated into three different books, Book one: Recalled to Life and Book two: The Golden Thread and Book three: The Track of a Storm, Which is one of the things that i like about the book. The first part of the book is explaining the era in which the novel takes place, England and France in 1775. The age is marked by competing and contradictory attitudes- â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. I like that the Dickens wants the reader to understand what is going on in the time period in which the story is told so we can understand the story better. Anoter reason why I like A Tale of Two Cities is how the story was told in 3rd person point of view. He switching his focus between cities and among several characters. The narrator is also omniscient, not only revealing the thoughts, emotions, and motives of the characters, but also supplying historical context to the events that occur, commenting confidently upon them. The narrator doesnt make the story so boring. The final reason why i liked A Tale of Two Cities is its not your typical heroic rebellion of a wronged people who bring peace to their society, but a bloodthirsty revolution of a desperate, starved peasantry. It wasnt just some made up story either. It was based upon a time period in which things where bad in France and England and Charles Dickens shows you that through this novel. Even though i did like some things in this book there where things about the book in which i did not like. For example how detailed the novel was. It was just too wordy for me. I like a novel that explains whats going on but not to the extent that Dickens does. He gives you just a little to much to grasp all at one time and at points in the book it is really hard to understand the what he is trying to tell. Another reason why I dislike the novel is some of the characters, for example I think Lucie Manette is a pathetic character. She adds a stereotype into the novel, being that women are weak and are unable to handle hard situations. She is too perfect and almost reaches the point of annoyance. One of the other reasons why I dislike the novel is the old style writting. I am a reader that has to be able to relate to the characters and the story line and if I cant. I dont stay interested for long and it makes the story boring for me. It has to have something I can understand what the characters are going through to make me want to read more. Even though i did like some things in this book the things I disliked out number the things I did. I wouldnt recomend this story to anybody enless you wanted to learn about France and England during the 1775 time period. The novel is just way too long and wouldnt keep intrest to many people. As i already told you i just couldnt relate to the story and the characters. I think Dickens spends way to much time describing unimportant details and events. I also didnt like that there were two page long sentences it was just to hard to grasp.

Confidential Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Confidential Analysis - Essay Example According to a study by ACER Leadership Centre, (ACER Leadership Centre, Australia), â€Å"Partnerships between key leaders in education, business and the wider community are especially important.† Inclusion of community leaders as partners in the governance of a school will benefit in education and employment for the students and creating social harmony and economic well-being at both individual and community levels. The school gets to benefit from the expertise and experience of leaders in other fields. First and foremost, the contribution of the donors must be kept in mind while identifying community leaders in the school community. Without the generous and continued support of the patrons, it would neither have been possible to start or run the school, the way it has been done all these years. Sustaining the school and taking adequate steps to ensure its fiscal resources are in place is the first step to empowering the school and the student community. Thus, the role of the financial supporters as community leaders must not be undermined. Next would be the role of Natural Resource Program Consultant. As a leader in sociology, the consultant would be able to steer the school towards better understanding of the social problems in the area, and ways to deal with them. The consultant would help the children utilize the available manpower and other resources in the area for the benefit of the student community. In 2006, The University of Colorado Foundation, the philanthropic partner of the University of Colorado, announced that long-time Denver civic and business leaders Joel Edelman and Robert â€Å"Bob† Willis had joined the Foundation staff. As a consultant Edelman helped the University of Colorado’s School of Medicine relocate to Fitzsimons and spearheaded the creation and launch of a new nursing program for Metropolitan State College of Denver. (CU Foundation Taps Denver Community

Tourism Policy and Planning (answer 10 questions about York and Essay

Tourism Policy and Planning (answer 10 questions about York and sevilla) - Essay Example This is one the challenges that also faces the two cities in terms of tourist destination. Seville city has to make sure that tourism is managed and developed in such a manner that it is able to benefit the resident population, but is should not be involved in the urban environment deterioration but rather to its promotion. It should as well not supposed to become a financial burden to the local authority. York faces several challenges. The city is seen to be having a high poverty rate and this might have a great impact on tourism sector. 2) The tourist activity in both cities with no doubt is seen to be one of the fundamental pillars of cultural, social and economic progress of the city. There is forceful reality that has a broad effect on any of the civil life fields. For Seville, its advantage stems right from not only the artistic heritage and plentiful monumental of the city, but it is also seen in the other aspects which make up the tourist product (catering, recreation areas, housing, infrastructures and trade). While on the other hand, the competitiveness of York is in the international and domestic market that is based on the name which is known universally. Both cities have been recognized for several centuries by their singular character of heritage and celebrations that is seen to mark an authentic reference to several other cities that they tend to accede to privilege positions as the one that both cities enjoy. Over the past decade, on such a solid base, a tourist product structure that is of high quality and very effective in the housings, in the services, and in the tourist offer variety has been put up. But besides all these, tourism is seen to be a transcendental incident factor that is intangible and as crucial as the exterior projection, the city image, and, as a result, the world system position of the big cities. 3) For any city that has a mission of being at a better position in tourism sector, it is required to adopt a few accessibility levels basing on the demand needs. In this context, the cities, being among the big European cities, whereby their urban dimension do coexists with rural comforts, are currently among the best connected cities in Europe. For instance, Seville city which is characterized by efficient and very varied accessibility, it has not only turned into a touristic destination point but also into the Andalusia best port, because it is among the few Spanish cities that is efficiently communicated by air , sea, railroad and land. The roads of York city, is characterized by a network of regional scope highways and a renewed system of accesses to the city, that consists of rapid bypasses, that accurately connects all the neuralgic points of the surroundings and the city. But besides accessibility, the two cities have continued with investing in transport to incorporate a real tourism sustainable mobility policy in the cities based on the promotion of public transport and non-motorized transport (bic ycle and pedestrian). With the aim of reducing the private vehicles use, the surrounding traffic reduction and the network development of

The Fast Moving Consumer Goods Information Technology Essay

The Fast Moving Consumer Goods Information Technology Essay FMCG industry, on the other hand called as CPG Consumer packaged goods industry primarily deals with the production, distribution and marketing of consumer packaged goods. The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) is those consumables which are normally consumed by the consumers at a regular interval. Some of the prime activities of FMCG industry are selling, marketing, financing, purchasing, etc. The industry also betrothed in operations, supply chain, production and general management. FMCG industry provides a wide range of consumables and accordingly the amount of money circulated against FMCG products is also very high. The competition among FMCG manufacturers is also growing and as a result of this, investment in FMCG industry is also increasing, specifically in India, where FMCG industry is regarded as the fourth largest sector with total market size of US$13.1 billion. FMCG Sector in India is estimated to grow 60% by 2010. FMCG industry is regarded as the largest sector in New Zealand which accounts for 5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Some common FMCG product categories include food and dairy products, glassware, paper products, pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, plastic goods, printing and stationery, household products, photography, drinks etc. and some of the examples of FMCG products are coffee, tea, dry cells, greeting cards, gifts, detergents, tobacco and cigarettes, watches, soaps etc. Some of the well known FMCG companies are Sara Lee, Nestlà ©, Reckitt Benckiser, Unilever, Procter Gamble, LOreal, Coca-Cola, Carlsberg, Kleenex, General Mills, Pepsi and Mars etc. The purpose of this topic is to investigate the relationship between the factors that affect the outsourcing decisions in FMCG industry of Pakistan. There are higher trends seen in the market for outsourcing in many FMCG companies but still it is reflecting as there are a number of factors which inhibit the FMCG companies to make outsourcing decisions. Outsourcing occurs as a result of intimate acquaintance between subcontractors and managing departments. Outsourcers want to decrease the cost of production and the cost of management by distributing work to avoid other costs such as wages and compensation. However, outsourcing helps society by decreasing unemployment, making the economy grow and decreasing social problems. Outsourcing is also a way to boost the economy and it helps producing industries to survive in the market. However, it is not a guarantee that the producing industries will survive. It is just one of the devices that FMCGs should use in management, but it depends on managerial efficiency in the industries. If FMCGs want to survive in the age of globalization, they have to adopt management techniques suitable for each situation in order to survive in the current industrial climate. Nowadays, macroeconomics and microeconomics have been changing very rapidly, in every region. This situation is forcing all countries in the world to adapt to competition resulting from globalization, including modifying government policies, international relations, free trade area agreements, etc. Changes are also occurring in industrial management, especially organizational management, production management and technology, delivery, and marketing management, in response to both local and international competition. In the competitive environment of manufacturing concerns and evolving technological era, to enhance efficiency and productivity, cost remains a challenge to overall manufacturing industry to compete with rivals in providing the best total lower cost to end customers and to secure the market share in order to add value to the shareholders. To invest heavily in capital investment such as machineries, buildings and land to expand space in supporting the production operation is a burden to most companies if the return of investment is not valuably. Organizations that outsource are seeking to realize benefits or address the following issues: Cost savings The lowering of the overall cost of the service to the business. This will involve reducing the scope, defining quality levels, re-pricing, re-negotiation, and cost re-structuring. Access to lower cost economies through off shoring called labor arbitrage generated by the wage gap between industrialized and developing nations. Focus on Core Business Resources (for example investment, people, and infrastructure) are focused on developing the core business. For example often organizations outsource their IT support to specialized IT services companies. Cost restructuring   Operating leverage  is a measure that compares fixed costs to variable costs. Outsourcing changes the balance of this ratio by offering a move from fixed to variable cost and also by making variable costs more predictable. Improve quality Achieve a steep change in quality through contracting out the service with a new service level agreement. Knowledge Access to intellectual property and wider experience and knowledge. Contract Services will be provided to a legally binding contract with financial penalties and legal redress. This is not the case with internal services. Operational expertise Access to operational best practice that would be too difficult or time consuming to develop in-house. Access to talent Access to a larger talent pool and a sustainable source of skills, in particular in science and engineering. Capacity management An improved method of capacity management of services and technology where the risk in providing the excess capacity is borne by the supplier. Catalyst for change An organization can use an outsourcing agreement as a catalyst for major step change that cannot be achieved alone. The outsourcer becomes a  Change agent  in the process. Enhance capacity for innovation Companies increasingly use external knowledge service providers to supplement limited in-house capacity for product innovation. Reduce time to market The acceleration of the development or production of a product through the additional capability brought by the supplier. Co modification The trend of standardizing business processes, IT Services, and application services which enable to buy at the right price, allows businesses access to services which were only available to large corporations. Risk management An approach to  risk management  for some types of risks is to partner with an outsourcer who is better able to provide the mitigation. Venture Capital Some countries match government funds venture capital with private  venture capital  for start-ups that start businesses in their country. Tax Benefit Countries offer tax incentives to move manufacturing operations to counter high corporate taxes within another country. Scalability The outsourced company will usually be prepared to manage a temporary or permanent increase or decrease in production. Creating leisure time Individuals may wish to outsource their work in order to optimize their work-leisure balance. FMCG Industry and Outsourcing Companies that were struggling to increase the capacity to support the ramp up demand at times were upset when there was a drastic downturn of demand cut. As a result, the sudden downturn would affect the resources and investment that were put into supporting the end customers demand. Team of human resources and machineries that consumed production space and being idled would increase the overhead and fixed cost, thus affecting the companies badly in their financial statements. In addition, training and development to up skill internal resource skills set in terms of running the operation effectively, bringing up technical content expert, specialist ability to perform research and development to add value, effective management and maintaining the operation would require significant investment in human resources. Thus, most of the companies started to explore opportunities to reduce cost and to improve profit margin in order to maintain competitive edge in the market. One of the identified opportunities was to outsource non-core business functions to external service providers at a lower operating cost. Outsourcing decisions are those strategic decisions that change the operating strategy of an organization both in manufacturing and services. The most important step in any outsourcing decision is to clearly define the scope of the activities that are being considered for outsourcing versus previously in sourced. Outsourcing becomes a basic strategy of the FMCG industry and is essential for FMCG firms to stay competitive in the global environment. From firms perspective, outsourcing offers several advantages, such as reducing or stabilizing overhead costs, gaining cost advantage over the competition, concentrating on core activities and organizational specializations, providing flexibility in response to changing market conditions, and reducing investment in high technology based manufacturing organizations. Through 2004 onward business growth strategy changes and business growth was restored as the first priority for most worldwide businesses, making cost reduction the second or third priority. Ensuring business growth as well as business process speed, agility and cost reduction requires a unique mix of internal and external capabilities, skills, services and processes. Only a business-driven sourcing strategy supported by good-enough sourcing execution capabilities will guarantee successful business outcomes as well as improved performance and competitiveness. Lack of an outsourcing strategy or relevant skills and processes to manage outsourcing relationships is the most important reason for the failure of service and manufacturing industry. Global competition, increasing regulation and inspection, the development of specific standards and the industrialization of services will raise the competitive bar for the FMCGs services and business processes, making it compulsory for the FMCGs to work on their core business in source let the others do their job for you. By competing on core competencies and outsourcing non-core areas, FMCG companies achieve consistently higher performance over the globe in all fields especially manufacturing and supply chains through consistent focusing and tracking their Key performance indicators. For any of the company to make decision for in source or outsource, its the company strategic decision which will make the basis for the whole in source or outsource process. For making any decision, decision maker will consider the following perspective in their mind or they must have good answers for these questions. Determine what your company needs to or should do best strategy driven long-term positioning Determine how best to do things profit driven short to intermediate term competitiveness INSOURCING/ OUTSOURCING STRATEGIC DECISION KEY STEPS IN SERVICE BASE INDUSTRY An executive level cross-functional decision-making process identifies core competencies and areas for internal investment. The level of internal control required by the companies and prospective direction for operational insource/ outsource decisions are identified and analyzed based on strategic value and relative competitiveness of the company in the market. Document complete strategic decision making process and the implementation process for the strategic decision being made as it provides closed-loop assessment for continuous improvement of the decision in the long run. Align the implementation strategies, processes and Key performance indicators with criteria and assumptions used in strategy formulation or development and in sourcing /outsourcing decision process. STANDARDIZED OUTSOURCING PROCESS FLOW IN FMCG INDUSTRY Stage Key Activities Rough Timeline BU Role COE Role Opportunity Consideration Align on business need gain mgmt commitment to evaluate options Identify options to consider (e.g., internal cost savings, consolidation, off-shoring, outsourcing) Perform Options Analysis / Size of Prize (not detailed financial analysis) If potential for outsourcing, contact outsourcing COE for support NA PR PR PR PR C C Evaluation Team Kick-Off Establish small team to perform preliminary evaluation of outsourcing (Project Mgr/Business Mgr, Deal Mgr, Purchases Mgr, FA Mgr, HR Mgr, External Rel.) 1-2 wks PR C Initiate Evaluation Project Agree on top-line preferred deal parameters with OS COE (e.g., general scope boundaries, sell all vs. partial assets) Develop Keep Price Analysis using the CBA model (COE website) Develop preliminary project success criteria Develop preliminary project process, timing and critical path Consider advisory needs (e.g. external consultants, legal support) Consider need for employee communication pre-market evaluation activity Confirm business management alignment support to evaluate the option 1-4 wks SR SR SR SR C SR PR SR SR SR SR PR SR C Market Evaluation/Discovery Analyze market and identify potential suppliers (e.g., market position, capabilities, potential for savings monetization) Develop supplier materials (cold call message operation review presentation) Meet with suppliers (generally worth meeting w/up to 10 or so if available) Evaluate findings of visits and determine potential for outsourcing RFI may go out as part of typical assessment activity 4-8 wks PR PR C SR C C PR SR Decision to Pursue Outsourcing Refine project objectives, scope, etc. (w/knowledge of market evaluation) Prepare recommendation to pursue outsourcing Gain management approval per Decision Authority PRIOR to RFP Determine the small group of suppliers to be engaged in an RFP (3-4 ideally) Execute CDAs with these suppliers Expand project team (RFP leader, Legal, Administrative support, etc) Develop communication plan communicate to employees if not yet been done Base Case Financials 2-3 wks PR PR PR SR PR PR C C C SR PR C C RFP Development Draft and gain approval to RFP Develop RFP timeline (release date, supplier engagements, site visits, submittal date) Release RFP and instructions to suppliers 4-6 wks PR C PR TPO PR TPO RFP Process Execution Perform step-by-step RFP completion process w/suppliers (e.g., RFP review session, electronic QA cycle, preliminary solution review) Receive review bids, and execute formal solution walk-thru process Get revised bids and perform evaluation (operational, HR, financial) 4-8 wks SR SR SR SR SR SR Downs elect Process Develop recommendation to down select to 1 or 2 suppliers (keep 2 suppliers ideally to maintain competitive environment) Get management agreement 1-2 wks PR PR C C Due Diligence Conduct due diligence as required (us on suppliers; suppliers on us) 1-2 wks PR TPO Final Bids Provides suppliers with draft contract Request Best Final Offers (if appropriate) 1-2 wks C C PR PR Negotiations and Contract Signing Negotiate detailed price and contract terms (w/2 suppliers as long as possible) Align on final down select Get management approval Finalize internal and external communication plans (with External Relations) Sign contract and execute related communications 4-6 wks C PR PR PR PR PR C TPO C C Transition and Closing Put full transition team in place Execute required transition steps (including road shows, job offers, etc) Develop and execute companion agreements in other countries Execute closing Prepare deal files 4-12 wks PR PR SR PR SR PR PR Primarily Responsible Total Time Required* SR Shared Responsibility 5 10 months (ex Transition) C Contributor 6 12 months (w/Transition) TPO Technical Process Oversight * will vary based on project scope Problem Statement The rapidly changing global industrial environment, cost of working capital, research and innovation, releasing key internal resources, concentrating on Core business functions, obtaining better organizational form has significant impact on outsourcing decision making in FMCG industry of Pakistan. Hypothesis H1: Outsourcing activities are increasing day by day in FMCG Industry of Pakistan. H2: FMCG industries are Outsourcing in all areas of their business not only manufacturing operation. H3: FMCG industries are Outsourcing to reduce Operating cost. H4: FMCG Industries are outsourcing to increase concentration on their core business. H5: FMCG Industries are outsourcing to Improve Quality of Services. H6: FMCG Industries are outsourcing to Acquire Specialized expertise and knowledge H7: FMCG industries are focusing on Selective Outsourcing. H8: FMCG industries have midterm Outsourcing contracts. H9: FMCG industries make Outsourcing contracts with good reputable companies. H10: FMCG industries make Outsourcing contracts with companies that produce at lower cost. H11: FMCG industries make Outsourcing contracts with companies that have advance technology and management experience. H12: Losing control of the certain business is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. H13: Increasing dependence with outsourcers is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. H14: Difficult to bring in source after conflicts is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. H15: Disclosure of commercial secrets is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. H16: Conflict of Interest with outsourcing partner is the major concern in FMCG industries to make Outsourcing contracts. Outline of the Study The research structure based on five chapters as follows: Introduction about the Outsourcing and FMCG industry. The literature review had provided theoretical background of the research and cites author had previously researched on the topic of factors affecting outsourcing decision The research methods chapter included method of data collection, statistical technique and hypothesis development. The results chapter had included findings and interpretation of the results. The conclusion, discussions, implications and recommendation section provided the final logical analysis. Definitions Outsourcing Outsourcing is an agreement in which any task; operation, job or process that could be performed by employees within an organization, but is instead contracted to a third party for a significant period of time-one Company provides services for another company that could also be or usually have been provided in-house. FMCGs   It is an acronym for  Fast Moving Consumer Goods. It is defined as fast selling, low unit value  consumer products  normally in universal  demand. It includes categories like foods, soft  drinks, toiletries, cosmetics and other non-durables. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Most of the companies that were struggling to increase the capacity to support the ramp up demand at times were upset when there was a drastic downturn of demand cut. As a result, the sudden downturn would affect the resources and investment that were put into supporting the end customers demand. Team of human resources and machineries that consumed production space and being idled would increase the overhead and fixed cost, thus affecting the companies badly in their financial statements. In addition, training and development to up skill internal resource skills set in terms of running the operation effectively, bringing up technical content expert, specialist ability to perform research and development to add value, effective management and maintaining the operation would require significant investment in human resources (David Mackey and Kaye Thorne, 2003). Thus, most of the companies started to explore opportunities to reduce cost and to improve profit margin in order to maintain competitive edge in the market. One of the identified opportunities was to outsource non-core business functions to external service providers at a lower operating cost. Outsourcing decisions are those strategic decisions that change the operations strategy of an organization both in manufacturing and services. The most important step in any outsourcing decision is to clearly define the scope of the operations that are being considered for outsourcing (Cook, Mary, F. and Gildner, Scoot B. 2008). Human resource professionals throughout the world are being asked to do more or less, to enhance productivity while controlling costs and to find out new ways to increase profitability. (Uddin, Gazi, M. 2005). Outsourcing is not a new notion. For decades, jobs have been migrated from other part of the countries namely American and European countries as well as other overseas countries to global service providers primarily India, China, Singapore and Malaysia due to lower operating cost. According to Cynthia A. Kroll (2004), a regional economist from University of California Berkeley, the recent wave of outsourcing affected a different mix of jobs, at different wage levels. It was not confined only to a small set of industries but cut across all industrial sectors in new geographic area rapidly (Cynthia A. Kroll, 2004). William P. DiMartini (2005), Senior Vice President at SunGard Availability Services said businesses in all industry segments found that limited internal resources would make outsourcing an attractive, cost-effective and prudent option that would allow them to focus on their core competencies (AccountingWEB.com, 2005). Demand for outsourcing is a result of demand for organizational products by the target audience. On the basis of organizational estimate of total turnover, practicing managers can attempt to establish the nature and type of outsourcing required to that esteemed goal (Uddin, Gazi M. 2005). Outsourcing advantages to name a few include lower operating cost, improve competitiveness, low in capital investment, shift resources to focus on core functions, generate demand for new growth and market segment, access to world class capability, sharing risks and make capital funds available for core business investment. Bangladesh is a least developed country, basically an agrarian economy, having around 24 million acres of cultivated land, employing about 14.5 million cultivators. Manufacturing industries have grown around Dhaka and Chittagong based on agriculture input of jute, cotton, chemical and gas based industries. Industrial production growth has averaged more than 6% over the last 5 years. The export sector has been the engine of industrial growth, with ready-made garments leading the way, having grown at an average of 30% over the last 5 years. Primary products constitute less than 10 percent of the countrys exports; the bulk of exports are manufactured/processed products, ready-made garments and knit wears in particular. (www.euroitx.com) There are many manufacturing concerns in Bangladesh that are looking into outsourcing opportunity to reduce cost and to overcome the internal limitations and achieve lower cost of operation. The country is now moving towards industry based economy from the agro-based one. Hence, this study was an attempt to access determinants influencing the outsourcing decision and to research the manufacturing concern in Bangladesh on how well the factors would influence the manufacturing industry in Bangladesh to outsource certain function of their business areas to external service providers. The study also aimed at finding out the influencing factors that influenced the companies in outsourcing decision and helped the companies to overcome the internal limitation barriers. In the early 1980s, outsourcing typically referred to the situation while organizations expanded their purchases of manufactured physical inputs, like car companies that purchased window cranks and seat fabrics from outside the firm rather than making them inside. Nowadays, outsourcing took on a different meaning. Presently it refers to a specific segment of the growing international trade. This segment consists of arms-length, or what Bhagvati (1984) called long-distance purchase of services abroad, principally, but not necessarily, via electronic mediums such as the telephone, fax and the Internet. Outsourcing can happen both though transactions by firms, like phone call centers staffed in Bangalore to sen7e customers in New York and X-rays transmitted digitally from Boston to be read in Bombay, or with direct consumption purchases by individuals, like when someone hires an offshore firm to provide plans for redesigning or redecorating a living room (Bhagwati, J. et al. 2004) In an era of rapid technological change and short product life cycles, companies were trying to reduce cost and maintain quality at the same time which implied that companies would need to specialize in what they did best and de-emphasize management attention from business processes that did not directly impact the business. Outsourcing was a means to partner with service providers so they could handle specific business processes better, faster and at a lower operating cost (V. Krishna Polineni, 2001). It was defined as the transferring one or more internal functions of an organization to an external service providers. According to the analyst Dean Davison, the outsourcing was growing about 20 percent to 25 percent per annum (Dean Davison, 2006). Outsourcing has become an alternative, which all major corporations must consider in order to remain competitive. It helped to increase efficiency, improve service quality, accountability, values, decreased headcounts and cash infusion and gain access to world class capability and sharing risk (The Outsourcing Institute, 2006). One of the primary advantages of outsourcing arises quickly from the reduction of overheads. This might give rise to an immediate, and possibly one-off, advantage in terms of the avoidance of future or recurrent capital outlay, and the savings in office space and equipment provisions if these could be released during the outsourcing decision. There was clearly a staff cost reduction possible here, and this could be the predominant element in directly-attributable, ongoing cost savings. The spin-off from this might benefit the business support services department where the outsourcing was partial, and could be especially useful where the capital cost was high and recurrent, particularly if there was uncertainty about the future costs of maintaining effective and competitive business support. It was an investment risk transfer, in other words. Where outsourcing is total, the benefit was accrued directly by the core business it translated to a capital injection to the customers busines s. This was one of the major driving reasons of the outsourcing of IT provision in the early 1990s generally agreed as having been led in 1989 by Kodak, which outsourced all of its IT operations to IBM (Jonathan Reuvid and John Hinks, 2001). This could also confer a great deal of flexibility on the company. For a centralized organization which was providing a range of its support services from its own personnel and offices, the move to outsourcing could allow a downsizing of the property commitments. Consider the impact on the organizational infrastructure requirements of a change to outsourcing IT provision, payroll and credit processing, pensions, catering, recruitment, training, Human Resource Management (HRM), cleaning, security, lettings, software development, estates and building management. It could also confer direct scope for downsizing or increased options for organizational re-structuring through property and HRM flexibility. The transfer of a non-core service provision to a variable cost would allow economies of scale to be passed on from the supplier, and also would mean that incremental changes in the process capacity of the customer (upwards or downwards) could be covered at proportional rather than quantum cost changes. Where scope to vary the scale of the contracted supply was agreed, this has allowed the business organization to make maximum use of its marginal capital for core process change rather than non-core process support change. This could allow decreased time to market for new products or processes, and also increased scope for changes. Outsourcing solutions can provide an excellent chance to get the company service provision out of a rut and, if properly managed, to stimulate new solutions to problems from the mixing of different approaches. A noticeable feature of the global economy is the enhancing international products. Robert Feenstra (1998) describes the remarkable international specialization in the manufacturing products. For example, the raw materials of manufacturing products like Barbie dolls (plastic and hair) are obtained from Taiwan and Japan. Assembly used to be done in those countries as well as to lower cost locations like Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and China. The growth in international specialization can also be observed in aggregate statistics. William Zeile and Gorden Hanson et al (2003) document the importance of trade within multinational firms. David Hummels et al. (2003) show that trade in intermediate inputs has grown faster than trade in finished products. While the globalization of production may yield important productivity benefits, there is a widespread view that it has also adversely affected low skilled workers. There are frequent media reports on how low-skilled labors in the firs t world countries are hurt when manufacturing jobs are relocated in the US and in many other countries have picked up on this theme to push for greater restrictions on trade with developing countries. Yet, despite its prominence in the public debate, there is little systematic evidence of the extent to which low-skilled workers are harmed by outsourcing to poor countries (Hsieh, Chang T. and Woo, Keong T., 2005). Outsourcing has existed in the USA for over 30 years particularly the business pr